Thursday, December 28, 2006

Running Through a Thousand years of History 穿越千年歷史的長跑

Running Through a Thousand years of History – Angkor Wat International Half-Marathon

Anthony and I became friends when we joined hiking activities together. However, the number of time we met on the running tracks was far more than that in the countryside, since he is an enthusiast of cross-country running as well as a good amateur half-marathon runner. During a hiking and camping trip in the Mainland in October, we were taking about an overseas half-marathon event being held in two month's time. I had been running for more than 4 years, and the only overseas event I had joined was the Beijing Marathon last year. But that was not the reason of my being interested in the event. What interested me was actually the venue – the nearly thousand-year-old Angkor Wat of Cambodia, world heritage site and one of the 7 wonders of the world. This is probably a once-a-lifetime event for many runners. I knew that a group of Hong Kong runners had planned to go, and Anthony was going to check out if I could join.

A month had passed but there was still no news. Since internet online registration was available, the plan was to wait until the air tickets were confirmed. However, seats for direct flights from Hong Kong to Siem Reap (where the Angkor Wat is located) were limited and ticket booking was rather complicated. In addition, the number of people going was ever changing (eventually there were only 4 going : Anthony, Brian the organizer, me and Kenneth). By the time the tickets were confirmed, the online registration was already closed. Thanks to hard work by Brian who organized this trip, we finally got a place in the participants' list.

The event was held on Sunday, the 17th of December. We were already in Siem Reap, the ancient capital of Cambodia, in the evening of the 15th, since there were direct flights only on Monday, Wednesday and Friday each week. We had spent a whole day sightseeing in the ancient ruins of the Angkor city on the next day, and checked out the route of the half-marathon at the same time. Our legs were actually exhausted by the end of the day, but the magic of the traditional Khmer massage had worked wonder on us. Early in the morning at 05:40 of the 17th, we left the hotel in the dark on a Tuk Tuk (3-wheel motor cycle commonly used in SE Asia for transportation), heading for the starting point of the event – Angkor Wat. The weather in December was rather pleasant in Cambodia : temperature at 23 degree Celsius in the morning, and relative humidity 50%, rather comfortable for running a half-marathon too.

Now in its 11th year, the Angkor Wat Half-marathon event was organized by the Japanese NGO “Heart of Gold” from the Okayama city of Japan, and joined by the Cambodian Olympic Committee. What was special about the event was the participation of many Cambodian landmine victims. The main aims were to increase the world's awareness of the landmine problems and the care of the victims. Most of the registration fees collected were used for the victims' rehabilitation and the HIV/AIDS Awareness Program for the young people in Cambodia. Arimori Yuko of Japan, the "Heart of Gold" ambassador as well as the Atlanta Olympic marathon medal holder, had also joined the race. The number of participants reached its highest this year, with 2,757 runners from 32 countries.

6:00 a.m., the starting point in front of the entrance causeway of Angkor Wat was packed with people. The half-marathon event started at 6:30, and w had to gather at the starting line before we could barely warm-up ourselves. There was no time-zone arrangement, and suddenly we found that we were standing at the first row with Arimori Yuko. I was too embarrassed to stay there and therefore moved aside, since I was such a slow runner and did not want to become an obstacle the others.

The starting gun was fired, and everyone sprinted forwards. The beautiful morning sun rose from behind the temple towers of the Angkor Wat at the same time, but hardly anyone had noticed that. The first 1km was along the moat of the Angkor Wat. I could see wild monkeys coming out from the wood and watching the runners passing by. The wheel chair group started 15 minutes after us, and they caught up with us as we were approaching the 2.5km turning-back point.

I had not had any training since the last Nike 10K race as I had been sick for a while. Therefore I was not hoping for anything but completing the race in a relaxing way. The track was actually nearly prefect : flat, straight, asphalt-paved, densely wooded on both sides, with water station at every 2.5km, and the beautiful ancient temples and ruins scattered along the route. I was able to keep the pace of 5min/km on the first 10km. It was really enjoyable to run along the ancient wall, passing by the monumental ruins and temples of Prasat Kravan, Ta Keo, Banteay Kdei and Ta Prohmand. But the most enjoyable of all, was the cheering from the smiling village children who ran with us or stood on both sides of the road holding out their hands. I just slowed down and reach out to clap the hands of every child and "give them five". I was actually slowing down by doing so, but I did not mind at all, for that was such touching and enjoyable moment.

The route then passed through the monumental Victory Gate, entering the ancient royal city of Angkor Thom. It was just like meeting again some friends who I had just be acquainted with in the previous day : the 12 Towers, the Palace ruins, the Terrace of the Elephants, the Phimeanakas, and he Bayon Temple. As a result of the lack of training, I started to slow down further to a pace of 6min/km. "No pain, no gain". That was always true, especially for long distance running.

As I left Angkor Thom through the South Gate, I met with the crowd of tourists heading for the Angkor Thom. Cars lined up along the road, and I could see the tourist-carrying elephants rushing by along the path just beside the road. This was not something that I expected, but I could not blame anyone but myself - I was too slow. Most of the runners had already finished the race half an hour ago, and they certainly had not experienced such situation.

The finishing point was actually right next to the starting point. The last 1km was also running along the moat of the Angkor Wat. I was rather surprised to see some Japanese ladies cheering me by giving me a "Ganbadei" as I was approaching the finishing line. They must have mistaken me as a Japanese runner. Well, why disappointing them? I responded by "giving them five". And there they were, Anthony, Brian and Kenneth, who had been waiting so long for me. Sorry about that, brothers.

Anthony was very happy, since he had finished with a PB in spite of the exhausting sightseeing trip in previous day - the traditional Khmer massage did work! And me, finished with a PW as expected. But I did not mind at all. The important things was, I had had a most enjoyable race.

穿越千年的長跑 - 吳哥窟國際半馬拉松

與山友Anthony相識於山野之間,但經常碰面,卻是在長跑賽道上,皆因他熱愛越野跑運動之餘,也是業餘的半程馬拉松好手。十月份一次大陸登山野營活動中,閒聊時提及兩個月後的一項海外長跑賽事,即時引起了我的興趣。參與長跑運動已四年多,第一次參加海外的賽事,是一年前的北京國際馬拉松,也是唯一的一次,所以對海外的賽事,仍然有那種新鮮的感覺,不過最吸引的,還是今次的比賽地點--柬埔寨的世界遺產、世界七大奇蹟之一、有近千年歷史的吳哥窟。能在千年遺蹟中作賽,畢竟是十分難得的機會,得悉一班跑友將會組團赴柬參加,便立即託Anthony代為了解。

一個月過去了,依然沒有音訊,因為賽事可以在網上報名,所以打算在確定了機票之後才報名。香港和暹粒(吳哥窟所在地)的直航班機機位有限,訂票要比較轉接,亦由於人數的變動(最終成行的是4人-搞手Brian,Anthony,我及另一位山友、Anthony的越野跑拍檔Kenneth),機票遲遲未能確定,到機票訂妥時,賽事的網上報名已經截止了。幸好得搞手Brian的奔走,最後都可以成功報名。

半程馬拉松在12月17日舉行,因為每週只有星期一、三、五才有班機直航,我們在15日晚上已經到達了柬埔寨古都暹粒。16日趁空檔訪遊了吳哥王朝遺跡,順道視察了賽道,回來後雙腳竟然有點酸軟,幸好有高棉古法按摩的幫助,疲勞盡消。17日清晨5:40,天還未光,我們便乘坐預約好的嘟嘟車(Tuk Tuk,一種東南亞地區的三輪摩托車,暹粒的則由摩托車拖著一載客的兩輪拖卡)離開酒店,出發到吳哥窟。柬埔寨十二月份的氣候比較宜人,清晨氣溫攝氏23度,濕度百分之五十左右,進行長跑運動,算是十分舒服,我們乘著無遮無擋的Tuk Tuk在路上飛馳,還感覺有點冷呢,幸好帶上了風褸。

吳哥窟國際半程馬拉松,今年已經是第十一屆,由日本岡山市的非政府組織「金心」(Heart of Gold)發起,與柬埔寨奧委會共同舉辦。賽事特別之處,是參賽者中有很多是柬埔寨內戰時留下的地雷的受害者,賽事就是旨在向世人呼籲禁止地雷和關懷地雷受害者,收集的參賽費用,亦用來支援柬埔寨地雷受害者及開展青少年艾滋病預防活動。作為「金心」的愛心大使,日本奧運女子馬拉松獎牌運動員有森裕子亦有參賽。今年參賽人數為歷屆最多,共32個國家達2757人。

6時正到達了吳哥窟參道前的起點,那兒已經是人山人海,我們連熱身都未足,便要準備起步。半程馬拉松在6:30起步,因為起跑沒有定排位時區,陰錯陽差之下,我們4個都排到頭位去了,有幸和有森裕子並排起步,不過因為自己成績太差,不好意思阻礙其他跑手,便自動自覺地退到一邊,順便為Anthony他們拍起步照。

槍聲一響,大家紛紛越過起跑線,一輪紅日亦剛從吳哥窟後昇起,美極了,可惜大家都只顧向前衝,只有很少人留意到,發出一陣陣讚嘆聲。開首一段沿著護城河跑,林裡面的猴子都走出來了,坐在路邊草地看熱鬧。到了2.5公里轉回點,比我們遲15分鐘起步的輪椅組的健兒們都趕上來了,他們都是被地雷炸斷雙腿的柬埔寨人,坐著輪椅參加比賽。

自Nike十公里以後,因為身體不適,已有一個月完全沒有練過跑,所以今次是志在參與,打算只輕鬆完成便行了。那是一條近乎完美的賽道:全程平坦的柏油路、林蔭夾道、每2.5公里的水站,還有令人讚嘆的古跡不斷在眼前和兩邊出現。開首十公里,我還能保持5分鐘1公里的速度,沿著古老的城牆、經過荳蔻寺(Prasat Kravan) 和 塔高寺(Ta Keo)宏偉的遺跡、Banteay Kdei和塔普倫寺(Ta Prohm)莊嚴的大門,但最令人開心的,是沿途村莊的孩子們,他們或跟著跑一段,或站到路邊興奮地伸出手,用笑容鼓勵著參賽者,我亦放慢腳步,邊跑邊和站在路邊的孩子們擊掌。我是越跑越慢了,但卻完全不在乎,因為我很享受。


賽道接著穿過宏偉的勝利門(Victory Gate),進入了大吳哥城遺跡。城內的十二塔(Prasats Sour Prat)、皇宮遺址、象台、空中宮殿(Phimeanakas)、巴容寺(Bayon),都是昨天剛探訪完的古蹟,那是另一種感覺,猶如重見剛相識的朋友一般的感覺。跑步從來都是一分耕耘一分收獲的,疏於練習的結果,就是步速開始降至6分鐘1公里了。

因為跑得慢,由南門離開大吳哥城時,遊客們已開始湧進城了,路上大擺車龍,揹著遊客的大象在路旁穿梭。一面吸著廢氣,一面要留意避開路上的障礙,就如跑馬路一樣,有點不爽,不過都只能怪自己跑得慢,大部份的跑手都在半小時前衝線了,不會遇到這種情況。

終點就是起點的吳哥窟參道,臨衝線前一公里是沿著護城河跑,因為這一段是封了路,不用像之前般留心避車了。衝線前幾十公尺,竟然有幾位日本嬸嬸大聲為我「奸爸爹」,應該是錯把我當是同胞了(因為有很多日本人專程來參賽,香港跑手真是絕無僅有),不過我也照單全收,伸出手和她們擊掌。當然,還有在終點等我等到發呆的Anthony等眾人。

恭喜Anthony造出了他的PB(歷來最佳成績),前一天的奔波勞碌,仍可再創佳績,可能是與高棉古法按摩的神奇功效有關,哈哈。而我,就一如所料,造出了我的PW(歷來最差成績),不過不要緊,重要的是,這是我跑步以來最享受的一次半程馬拉松。




Sunday, December 24, 2006

《合唱俠》- 無伴奏合唱 Sregnis Singers - A cappella Ensemble

《合唱俠》- 無伴奏合唱

剛欣賞完一場精彩的聖誕音樂會,那是一場比較特別的音樂會--基本上沒有樂器,對,沒有樂器。應該是說,十把美妙的聲音,就是天賦的樂器,合奏出和諧悅耳的音樂。我說的是無伴奏合唱組合(A cappella Ensemble)《合唱俠 Sregnis Singers》的聖誕音樂會。

由於自己在大學時代也有參加過大學合唱團的關係,對多聲部合唱的音樂,比較有親切感,而參加合唱團後的第一次演出,曲目就包括了Dvorak 的無伴奏合唱 Songs of Nature。人的聲音本身就是一件美妙的樂器,不同的音色音域的唱詠聲配合起來,效果毫不遜色於一隊管弦樂團。近代的合唱音樂,多聲部的歌聲,加上整隊管弦樂團,氣勢磅礡,其實它們的始祖,就是無伴奏合唱(a cappella)。A cappella一詞為義大利文,原義是「教堂風格的合唱」,起源可追溯至中世紀歐洲的宗教聖樂。當時的教會音樂只以人聲清唱,有點似現在佛教僧尼的佛經吟唱,稱為讚歌Chants)或素歌(Plain Song,=
格列高利聖詠 Gregorian chant)。

素歌都是單聲部和自由節奏的,多聲部的無伴奏合唱音樂,要到公元第10世紀才出現,形式主要仍是以素歌為主旋律,再加上和聲聲部,稱為奧爾干農(Organum),之後發展出三、四部的奧爾干農(triplum,quadruplum)。直到15世紀文藝復興時代,無伴奏合唱才有另一番新景象,出現了出代表性的牧歌(Madrigal,歌詞內容多與嚮往田園生活有關)。牧歌並非聖樂,a cappella開始被廣義地理解為「無伴奏合唱」,不再是狹義的定義「聖樂」。17世紀後,西方樂器的發展迅速,作曲家轉向為小提琴、鋼琴等譜寫樂曲,19世紀管弦樂大盛,各類聲樂作品都有樂器伴奏,可以說是無伴奏合唱的消退期。

和諧的純人聲合唱,始終有其魅力,到了20世紀初,無伴奏合唱重新流行起來,1909年耶魯大學的Whiffenpoofs 成立,無伴奏合唱由美國開始,擴散至歐洲,以至世界各地。1963年成立的
Swingle Singers,以及1968年首演、來自劍橋大學英皇書院的King's Singers (英皇合唱團),成為了現代無伴奏合唱組合的經典,此後,美國各大學的無伴奏合唱組合紛紛出現。1983年,組合 The Flying Pickets 更憑《Only You》打入Billboard流行榜首位達5週之久。

成立於一九九四年、被日本「朝日放送」譽為「香港的Swingle Singers」的《合唱俠》,可以說是香港音樂界的異數。我最初接觸到他們的表演,是「學士合唱團」的音樂會,他們是合唱團的成員之一。得知原來合唱團中的精英,同時組成了小組合唱團,才開始留意他們的演出。除了每年的聖誕音樂會外,他們亦應邀作不定期的演出,例如香港繽紛冬日節、文化中心週末藝趣、各大購物中心的Road Show等等,主要是希望藉此向公眾介紹不同類型的小組合唱音樂,提高本港市民的音樂欣賞能力。如果碰巧有空,我都會到場欣賞,作為對他們熱心推廣音樂文化的支持。


無伴奏合唱組合在香港並不多見,除了另一著名的組合中文大學崇基學院的《姬聲雅士》(Gay Singers)外,好像沒有其他,也許其中一個原因,是無伴奏合唱對成員的要求甚高:沒有了樂器的幫助/遮醜,對成員音準控制方面要求更高;同時,無伴奏合唱對整體和諧度的要求也嚴格。另一方面,專為無伴奏合唱而寫的作品,數目有限,現成的改編樂譜也不多,成員需要自己編寫或改編適合多聲部合唱的樂譜。所以,無伴奏合唱絕對是對各成員的音樂造詣的大挑戰。組成《合唱俠》的十位青年歌手,原來每位都已有多年的合唱及演唱經驗,而且大部份是主修音樂,接受過正統的聲樂、器樂及作曲的訓練。各成員豐富和高水平的演唱經驗,加上對小組合唱的熱愛和不斷努力,他們今天的成績,絕不是僥倖。


為了更有效地向公眾推廣小組合唱音樂,和《姬聲雅士》一樣,《合唱俠》表演風格多變,經常令觀眾耳目一新,選唱的曲目不只是現成的聲樂作品,亦不限於古典音樂,而是包羅萬有,看他們過去多次的演出,有改編器樂作品、西方古典作品、中外藝術歌曲、音樂劇插曲、黑人靈歌、更有中西日韓流行曲等。今次的聖誕音樂會,還別開生面地包括了蒙古語歌曲《吉祥三寶》,詼諧的演出令觀眾捧腹大笑之餘,亦拍爛手掌。不過我最喜歡的,還是改編自史麥塔那(Smetana)的交響詩選段《莫爾德河》 (Die Moldau),十把聲音,把原管弦樂合奏洶湧磅礡的氣勢重現。

如果你也喜歡小組合唱音樂,不妨留意一下《合唱俠》下一次的演出,與他們分享無伴奏合唱的樂趣。


Rimsky-Korsakov: Flight of the Bumble Bee - 2004音樂會的演出片段

Friday, December 22, 2006

Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas

對很多人來說,聖誕節是個普天同慶的日子,是聖誕老人派送禮物、到商業區欣賞璀璨燈飾、出席大小派對和聖誕大餐的日子。在我到外國讀書之前,的確是這樣,因為不是教徒,聖誕節的宗教意義對我來說,感受不深,聖誕有假期,自然就是與朋友聯群結隊尋找歡樂的檔期。

中學會考後,到了愛爾蘭升學,那是一個虔誠的天主教國家,同學都回家過聖誕節,自己初到貴境,兼且一個人身在異地,沒有了喧鬧的大小派對,倒能真正細心體會傳統的聖誕節氣氛。那時開始接觸到一些 "Jingle Bells" "Joy to the World" 等例牌聖誕歌以外的聖誕音樂,其中一首最令我動容的,是 《Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas》。

多位著名殿堂級歌手都唱過這首歌,其中包括了芭芭拉史翠珊(Barbara Streisand)和法蘭仙納度拉(Frank Sinatra),最近期的,應該是James Taylor 2001年的版本。這原是一首美高梅音樂劇電影中的插曲,出現在1944年的《 Meet Me In St. Louis》其中一幕:即將要離鄉別井、面對不可預知的未來的茱迪嘉蘭(Judy Garland) 以感懷的聲調,向妹妹Tootie唱出這首歌...



Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas,
Let your heart be light
Next year, all our troubles will be out of sight

Have yourself a merry little Christmas

Make the yuletide gay
Next year all our troubles will be miles away

Once again as in olden days

Happy golden days of yore
Faithful friends who were near to us
Will be near to us once more

Someday soon we all will be together

If the fates allow.
Until then, we'll have to muddle through somehow
So have yourself a merry little Christmas now.



與一般的宣頌普世歡騰的聖誕歌曲不同,這首歌帶點愁緒,但又充滿祝福、鼓勵和希望,為失意的朋友帶來慰藉。給困難中的人們帶來安慰和信心,宣揚希望,不正就是聖誕節的真正意義嗎?

聖誕節的意義


聖誕節是什麼?「紀念耶穌基督降生的日子。」似乎很多人都懂得答。但是,大家是否真正懂得聖誕節的意義?

對於基督徒來說,聖誕節的意義是明確不過的,雖然有學者提出耶穌基督並非在新曆12月25日出生,但這不重要,大家只是希望藉著一個機會,來向人們宣揚新生的希望,給社會帶來和平的訊息,給困苦弱小者帶來安慰和信心。

只是現代人心目中,聖誕節就是聖誕老人、互相派送禮物、大小派對和聖誕大餐。聖誕節的街上一定要有璀璨燈飾,否則就會被解讀為經濟不景的現象。聖誕節是趁機悉心打扮、聯群結隊狂歡慶祝、開懷暢飲、酩酊大醉的時刻。對於商人來說,聖誕節是賺個盤滿砵滿的良機,難得假期,也是片商推出大堆頭電影的黃金期,只要拍得不太爛,觀眾都會性入場。聖誕節似乎充滿歡樂,名符其實的普天同慶。但是,真的是普天同慶嗎?

1984年的聖誕節快要來臨前,剛經歷過一場大旱災後的非洲埃塞俄比亞人,面臨餓死的威脅。英國流行音樂工作者在Bob Geldof的發起下,共同創作及演唱了一首歌,為這些非洲饑荒難民展開募款,這就是著名的《Do They Know It's Christmas? 他們知道現在是聖誕節嗎?》

 It's Christmas time, there's no need to be afraid
 At Christmas time, we let in light and we banish shade
 And in our world of plenty, we can spread a smile of joy
 Throw your arms around the world at Christmas time.

 But say a prayer, pray for the other ones
 At Christmas time, it's hard,
 but when you're having fun, there's a world outside your window,
 and it's a world of dread and fear 
 where the only water flowing is the bitter string of tears
 And the Christmas bells that ring there are the clanging chimes of doom
 Well tonight thank God it's them instead of you!

 And there won't be snow in Africa this Christmas time
 The greatest gift they'll get this year is life
 Where nothing ever grows, No rain or rivers flow
 Do they know it's Christmas time at all?

 Here's to you raise a glass for everyone
 Here's to them underneath that burning sun
 Do they know it's Christmas time at all?
 Feed the world, Let them know it's Christmas time again

 聖誕節已來臨,不需害怕
 在這聖誕時節,我們引接光明,驅走陰暗
 在我們豐足富裕的世界裡,展現歡樂的笑容
 在這聖誕時節,張開雙臂擁抱世界

 但請作個禱告,為別人禱告,在聖誕時節,並不容易
 但當你在尋歡作樂時,窗外是另一個世界
 一個憂懼與驚恐的世界
 那裡唯一的流水,是串串苦痛的淚水
 那裡響起的聖誕鐘聲,是死亡的喪鐘
 今晚得感謝上帝,受苦的是他們而非你

 今年的聖誕,非洲不下雪
 他們今年最好的禮物,就是能繼續活著
 那兒寸草不生,沒有雨水,河水不再流
 他們知道現在是聖誕節嗎?

 你正為大家舉杯祝酒
 他們正在那灼熱的太陽下受煎熬
 他們知道現在是聖誕節嗎?

 請救助這世界,讓他們重新感受到聖誕節


每年聖誕節,滿街滿巷都播放著那些留傳千古的聖誕應景歌曲,但出現在我腦海中的,總會是這首《Do They Know It's Christmas?》今年或許不再是埃塞俄比亞,但是前年南亞海嘯大災難中的受災者,很多仍處貧困邊緣,至今仍有逾百萬無家可歸;剛過去的菲律賓和越南風災,超級颱風「榴槤」造成嚴重傷亡,災民人數高達100萬。

希望大家在穿著新衣享用豐富的聖誕大餐時,同時記得在不太遠的國度裡,不少人連簡單的兩餐溫飽也不足;要珍惜眼前的一切,用心去關懷他人,關心世界上其他不幸的人。

祝大家有一個和平、喜悅和充滿愛心的聖誕節!


部份圖片:cedarfund.org, www.takungpao.com

Wednesday, December 20, 2006

深山含笑 - 冬日山中的白衣仙子 Maud's Michelia

深山含笑 - 冬日山中的白衣仙子

本港在冬日開放的野生花卉中,要選出最美麗的,深山含笑(Michelia maudiae,又稱莫氏含笑)肯定是其中一種。常綠的深山含笑,屬於本地稀有的樹木品種,在境內只在三處地方有發現的紀錄。每年的一月期間,整棵樹都會被大而雪白的花朵所覆蓋,中心鮮黃色的花藥,配以閃亮的深綠樹葉作背景,的確是一幅絕美的圖畫。 含笑屬的深山含笑,與園藝栽種的荷花玉蘭、紫玉蘭等是近親,同屬木蘭科的植物,是香港的特有品種,1900年在香港首次被發現。發現這個新品種的,是當時任職植物及林務署的S. T. Dunn,並以他妻子的名字莫氏(Maud)來命名。深山含笑是根據香港法例第96章《林務規例》受保護的品種。

自從Derek Kamp在他1985年出版的著名作品 "12 Hong Kong Walks" 中,詳述了深山含笑被發現時的生長地點後,不少植物愛好者都已曾慕名前往觀賞過這些美麗的樹木。書中是這樣描述的:「當滿樹冠的花朵盛放時,數英里範圍內都可以清楚地看得見,大東山山峰下的山坡,尤如披上了白色的婚紗」。
可惜書中所描述的景象,不知何故,近年已不再復見。然而,如果小心觀察,在大東山頂下望,仍然可以隱約見到在密林中的一小片白色花叢。不過在2001年1月的那一次尋訪中,亦只能在遠離書中所述位置的密林中,見到單獨一棵正在開花的株植。


Maud's Michelia - Snow-white Beauty of the Winter Mountain
The Maud's Michelia (Michelia maudiae), one of the most beautiful winter wild flowers in Hong Kong, is a rare native evergreen tree recorded at only 3 locations in the terrirories. The whole tree is covered by large white Magnolia-like blossoms in January, each with brilliantly yellow stamens at the centre at a background of glossy dark-green foliage.  This species of Michelia, closely related to the garden magnolias and unique to Hong Kong, was first discovered in the 1900's by S.T.Dunn, who was working at the Bontanical and Forestry Department and named the plant after his wife. Maud's Michelia is a protected species under Forestry Regulation Cap 96.

The location in which the speciment was discovered had been much publicized when it was described in 1985 by Derek Kamp in his famous book "12 Hong Kong Walks", and the beauty of the plant had been appreciated by many plant-lovers since. Unfortunately, the scene of "the hillsides below Sunset Peak take on a bridal look as the trees with their crown of blossoms stand out for miles around", as described by Kemp, has somehow disappeared in recent years for some reasons. However, watching carefully, one can still pick out the small white patches of their creamy blossoms from the summit of Sunset Peak. During a visit to the site in January 2001, only a single speciment in bloom was found hidden among the dense woodland near the summit, far away from the original site described by Kemp.

Friday, December 15, 2006

蘭香滿崗 - 淺說蘭花 Sweet Wild Orchid Scent – An Introduction


蘭香滿崗 - 淺說蘭花

開花植物之中,蘭花是廣為世人喜愛和傳頌的花卉之一。中文的園藝學書籍,把蘭花分為國蘭和洋蘭兩大類,國蘭所指的品種,多為具有香味的蕙蘭屬(Cymbidium spp.)的狹葉地生蘭,如春蘭、素心蘭、報歲蘭等。傳統上中國人獨愛國蘭,賞蘭重其氣質,愛其花之淡雅幽香,愛其葉之優雅形態。中國人欣賞蘭花,源遠流長,蘭花的採集、馴化與栽培,可上溯至二千四百年前的春秋時代,孔子更以蘭的特質比喻人的氣質品格:「芝蘭生幽谷,不以無人而不芳,君子修道立德,不為窮困而改節。」因此蘭花又被稱為「花中之君子」 。

國蘭以外,其他所有的蘭類,均統稱為「西洋蘭」或「洋蘭」,可見洋蘭種類之多和雜。洋蘭主要產地是熱帶亞洲、中南美洲等氣候高溫多濕地區,其中中南美洲擁有許多色彩艷麗、令人著迷的蘭花,特別是有「洋蘭之王」之稱的嘉多利亞蘭(Cattleya)。欣賞洋蘭時,重點在花:花的形、色、和大小。流行的栽培品種,主要包括嘉多利亞蘭、蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis)、石斛蘭(Dendrobium)、拖鞋蘭(Paphiopedilum)、貝母蘭(Coelogyne)、萬代蘭(Vanda)和文心蘭(Oncidium)等。西洋蘭花的養殖始於英國,後傳入美國,再傳到日本。在英國的維多利亞時代,便有貴族供養園丁與蘭花獵人,遠赴重洋,冒著生命危險到世界各地尋找珍稀美麗的蘭花,移植到自己的莊園花園,用以向他人炫耀。近代蘭花愛好者流行追求擁有珍稀原生品種,很多原生蘭的採集者終日混跡山林,苦苦尋找原生蘭花的影蹤。

除了觀賞價值外,傳統中醫藥中,石斛蘭屬植物的莖具有清熱生津、滋陰補胃、明目、抗衰老、免疫調節等藥理作用, 野生的石斛蘭,更是名貴的中藥材。

現時世界上所有的野生蘭花,都受到生息地破壞的威脅;不少野生品種更因為其園藝或中藥價值,面臨被過度採集的命運,在野外已經近乎絕跡了。
(圖) 北海道礼文島特産的兜蘭/拖鞋蘭,屬日本的特定稀少植物、
    絶滅危惧IB類。5月-6月開花。
  Cypripedium marcanthum Sw. var. rebunense  

  Rebun Lady's Slipper 礼文敦盛草 レブンアツモリソウ
  Orchidaceae 蘭科


Sweet Wild Orchid Scent – An Introduction

Among the many flowering plants, the orchid family is one of the most favourite and praised. Orchids are traditionally divided into two groups by the Chinese horticulturists : the Chinese Orchids and the Foreign Orchids. The Chinese Orchids include mainly those sweet-scented terrestrial Cymbidium spp. with narrow leaves. The Chinese have a 2400-year-long history of appreciating, collecting and cultivating the Cymbidium. They love the sweet flower scent and the elegant leave shape of the Cymbidium orchids, and the human virtue they symbolizes. The famous Confucius once said, “Orchid grows in the shaded valley, keeps on releasing its sweet scent though there is no one around to praise it. Likewise, a man of noble character should show his virtue even when in poverty.” and hence the other name for the Cymbidium orchids, “Flowers with a noble character”.

Any orchids other than the Chinese ones are called the “Foreign Orchids”. Those are mainly the colourful species from the warm and humid areas of Tropical Asia, Central and South America, including the Cattleya, queen of the orchids. Unlike the Chinese orchids, foreign orchids are praised for their flowers, especially the shape, colour and size of the flower. The Cattleya, Phalaenopsis, Dendrobium, Paphiopedilum, Coelogyne, Vanda and Oncidium are the most popular species. Cultivation of and passion for orchids in the western world started in England, then spreaded to American and Japan. Nobles of the Victorian England kept gardeners and orchid hunters under their service. Orchid hunters were sent oversea, risking their life searching for the beautiful exotic orchids around the world for their masters’ botanic gardens and estates. In recent years, orchid enthusiasts have turned their eyes on the exotic native species. Wild orchids collectors roam around the jungles day and night for the specimens.


Apart from the ornamental value, the wild specimen of the Dendrobium spp. of the Orchid Family is also a very valuable medical herb used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is an effective anti-inflammatory and fluids replenishing agent, and used as a Yin tonic which moistens the stomach and lungs. It is also used to improve eye-sight, postpone aging and regulate immune function.


Nowadays, wild orchids all over the world are under threats of the lost of their natural habitats. Many have been suffering from extensive illegal collection over the years due to its high ornamental and medical value, and became quite rare in the wild.

Wednesday, December 13, 2006

赤子心 看世界 See the World through the Eyes of a Child

赤子心 看世界

網友森哥的兒子進進就讀幼稚園,老師呼籲家長為學生搜集紙盒,作為手工材料,引導發揮小朋友的觀察和想像力之餘,又學習廢物利用。一星期後進進把製成品帶回家:幾個紙盒疊著平放,中央豎立起另一個長方紙盒,前面斜放著一件承載餅乾的包裝托盤,有點像座金字塔。作品究竟像什麼,森哥完全自看不出所以然,兒子的答案是「碼頭」。森哥的自然反應是「當堂啞了」,為免打擊兒子的自尊心和創意,亦不得不講善意的謊言,誇讚一下兒子。

看了作品的照片,發覺其實進進都頗有心思。我會聯想到那是舊天星碼頭,因為我看到中央聳立的鐘樓--那個豎立的長方紙盒。跟成人很不同,其實小朋友眼中的世界比較簡單,他們看事物,只會記住重點。我的姪兒三嵗時畫魚,照例都只畫一個橢圓圈,再在一邊加個三角形,因為他只想表達出他心目中的重點,就是魚圓滑流線型的身形,以及用來游泳的尾巴--那三角形。可能近日電視新聞中經常出現舊天星碼頭鐘樓的畫面,又或者老師給他們看的碼頭照片,就是舊天星碼頭,進進的意識中,鐘樓很自然就代表了碼頭,其他的都是枝節。能想到用包裝托盤做樓梯,亦看到進進都頗有心思,證明他已經觀察到樓梯與包裝托盤的共通點--都是一級一級的。

早前聽同事講了一件她在朋友家中探訪時見到的有趣事。她朋友有一個八九個月大的兒子,正在四腳爬爬、誓要探查遍家中每個角落的階段。小朋友在這個年紀,父母們都會四處巡視,注意排除家中一切容易撞傷孩子的危險角落,但往往又總有些「漏網之魚」。她到訪時,開門的是朋友的太太,而她朋友正在跟著兒子手腳並用的在地上爬行,又不時一臉好奇似的抬頭四處察看。她朋友笑著跟她說,他不是在跟兒子玩,而是在進行著一項非常任務--檢查家居安全,因為只有這樣四腳爬爬,才能從兒子的高度,看到一切潛在的危險角落。她朋友的說話,的確發人心省:要從孩子的角度看世界,才能明白孩子心。

其實,每個成年人都曾經是小孩,只是我們的「赤子之心」,是否已經遺落在某個塵封的角落?


進進的作品 - 碼頭 (原圖by ) (c)森之Blog

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引用網誌:「仔仔的作品 - 碼頭」 by



See the World through the Eyes of a Child

This is Chung's second year in kindergarten. Chung is the little boy of my blog-mate Sam. In order to spark the imagination and creativity of the children, the teacher had asked the parents to prepare some used paper boxes for the art class. A week later, Chung brought home the result of his own creation. It was made up of a pile of boxes, with an cuboid piece standing upright on the top at the middle, and a plastic biscuit packaging tray placed at an angle to the horizontal at the front. Sam had absolutely no idea what it was supposed to be until Chung told him that "it is a ferry pier, Dad". "Speechless with a wide-opening mouth" was Sam's immediate reaction, but he managed just in time to make up a white lie by praising the boy of being creative and smart, something very important in nurturing the boy's self-esteem and creative mind.

By looking at the picture of Chung's creation, I found that he was actually rather thoughtful. It made me think of the old Star Ferry Pier at Central, since I could see the central upright cuboid piece being the Clock Tower. Unlike the adults, children have a much simpler view of the world. They only see the main part(s) of each thing. When my nephew was three, his drawing of a fish was always an ellipse with a triangle on one side, high-lighting the two main physical features of a fish, the round and stream-line body with a triangular tail for swimming. It was possible that the recent frequent appearances of the Star Ferry Pier Clock Tower on the news or the pictures of that being shown by the teacher in the art class had impressed Chung so much that the idea of "Clock Tower = Ferry Pier" had rooted. Using the biscuit packaging tray to represent the steps in front of the pier showed Chung's ability to correlate the similarity between the two – both being step-shaped.

My colleague told me an interesting story about her recent visit to her friend's house. Her friend had an 8-week-old son, though still a hands-and-knees crawler, was in the mood of exploring every single corner of the house. Once the baby was on the move, parents would make special safety precautions around the house in order to make it baby-proofing. However, there would always be something that had been overlooked. When my colleague entered the house of her friend, he was actually crawling after his baby son on the floor, looking upwards and around from time to time like a curious baby. He was not playing with his son, as he said smilingly, but carrying out an important task - checking out all spots of potential dangers to a crawling baby in the house, and the best way to spot potential dangers is to get down on one's hands and knees and crawl around looking at the house from a baby's eye view. See the world through the eyes of a child, and that is the only way you can truly understand his/her mind.

After all, we all have been children, but where have your pure and innocent heart of a child gone? Left in some dusty and forgotten corner of our past, perhaps .



Tuesday, December 12, 2006

診症

診症

「醫生,我又來探望你了。」一推開診症室的門,我第一句就說。今天是兩週內第三次見醫生了。

兩個星期前開始感冒,見了醫生取了藥,休息了一天,感冒似乎痊癒了,但咳嗽反而嚴重了,到了失聲的地步,晚上一躺下來就咳不停,被迫要坐著睡。再去見醫生,醫生說給我處方一種「重炮咳水」。「重炮咳水」藥力都算強勁,晚上不用坐著睡了,但仍然是要到三天的藥水吃完了,咳嗽才完全停止。剛剛才止了咳,前天喉嚨又開始痛了,感覺上頭還有點微微發燙,星期天吹了點風,開始頭痛,「必利痛」也無效,心想,「慘了,恐怕是感冒未清,又再死灰復燃了。」

我把徵狀詳細報告給醫生,並提到過幾天就要出門去柬埔寨的暹粒,希望出門前先把身體調理好。「哦,吳哥窟是個好地方,融合了高棉古國佛教和印度教藝術的精華。」醫生是個藝術和歷史愛好者,單看診症室內幾排的入牆書架就知道──書架上超過千本書籍,沒有一本是關於醫療,全是藝術和歷史的書籍和畫冊。

因為擔心鼻腔有否發炎,我主動提到沒有流鼻水,但鼻腔還常感到有股腥味,腋窩及頸部的淋巴也有微腫和痛。

「是有點『火』。*」醫生忽然彈出了一個中醫名詞。我有點錯愕,但很快就恢復過來。醫生一向對中醫學頗有修為,診病時第一個動作,是捉起左手把脈,接著才用聽筒檢查呼吸心跳,而且間中還會說一兩句中醫斷症名詞。「黏膜充血也會感到有腥味的。」醫生忽然又轉回了西醫斷症。

「不知是否感冒的新變種,近日好多朋友都病了,而且都像我般拖好久才痊癒。」我向醫生試探著,求證一下我身體並不是特別的差。

「因為空氣實在是太差了,看來是世界末日近了。」醫生說。我又一時反應不過來了,因為類似的評論,平時都是我對別人說的多。「我是講認真的,這都是人類自己造成的。」醫生繼續說。唉,人人都知道情況嚴重,但似乎很少人認真地做點撥亂反正的實際行動。

「對對,溫室效應令氣候劇變,就像電影『明日之後』描述的一樣。」我終於可以接上嘴。「是剛上影的電影嗎?」醫生可能真的是太忙,有好幾年沒入過電影院了。「啊,不是,是兩年前的電影了,不過最近也有一套類似題材的環保紀錄片《絕望真相》。」我嘗試打圓場。「好吧,給你三日藥。」醫生已經終止了診症。外面還有十多個病人在等候,我耽誤了醫生這麼久,他們一定正在咒罵我。

配藥室的姑娘把藥遞給我,我循例看看藥名:Ambroxol HCl 30mg、Dexmin、Reutoo Syrup,都是鼻敏感、傷風、化痰止咳的藥。咦,是否我對醫生詳述徵狀時說錯了些什麼呢?不過我不是專業,還是吃完了藥看看怎樣再算吧。


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* 頸部淋巴脹大,從中醫角度來看,可能是興核──尤其是在頸部出現,單粒、起病急、少許痛楚,與口腔、咽喉感染有關,通常可找到病灶,例如﹕喉炎、牙周炎等令淋巴受感染而起,坊間亦俗稱痰火核。

Tuesday, December 05, 2006

天水‧圍城


近年已不大留意流行音樂的發展,但在公共交通工具上媒體資訊爆棚的今天,本地樂壇的消息,不多不少也會被迫知道一些皮毛,知道李克勤最新專輯的主打歌《天水‧圍城》,引起了一些爭議和討論。李克勤是一個我比較欣賞的歌手,林夕填的詞也一向有水準,引起議論的,正是這首歌的詞。

作品的標題,不難令人想到「天水圍」和「圍城」,歌詞中亦頗明顯地提出這個被隔離的「圍城」內新移民的無奈、貧窮、人口擠迫和居住環境狹窄的問題,昂貴交通費令居民失去了平等的區外就業機會、只能在「圍城」內活動等等的現象;並質疑社會上人情冷淡,以及「策劃這寸地尺土」者的失敗。

天水圍這個香港新界西北的衛星城市,一般被視作新移民、綜緩、家庭問題的代名詞、傳媒筆下的悲情城市,近年多宗家庭倫常慘劇,更加引起社會關注。社區內人口密度高、失業率高、綜援人口比例高、單親家庭比例高、家庭暴力和青少年問題數字高,而謀生能力及教育程度卻偏低,成了所謂「五高兩低」的標籤。我有朋友在區內當教師和外展社工,他們每天正常工作的時間,比其他任何一個社區的同行都要長得多,為的是希望可以盡力幫助到區內的學生和年青人。

香港的流行樂曲,一向都被人覺得只識風花雪月、情情塔塔,甚少認真關心和反映現實社會的問題。許氏兄弟早期嬉笑怒罵的諷刺時弊歌曲、「達明一派」的《天問》、《十個救火的少年》一類的作品,始終不多。林夕過去為不少情歌填的詞都很美,今次跳出這個框架,嘗試探討天水圍的社區問題。

看網上和媒體上的爭論,大家對這首歌的解讀,似乎南轅北轍,因此反應亦各走極端,讚與彈雙方各有見解。例如「圍住了冰雹,圍住了刻薄,圍住了爭吵的配樂」,冰雹和刻薄,有人認為是代表社會上人情冷淡,以旁觀者的心態關注報章上家庭倫常悲劇的報導,其實心裡在暗自慶幸自己不是住在天水圍;但有人卻說歌詞是誹謗居民都是刻薄的人,有天水圍業主甚至覺得是在唱衰天水圍,令區內樓價下跌,要求賠償。

有人認為能引起社會關注天水圍社區的問題是好事,可以給政府加速增撥資源解決問題的壓力。但是,也有人覺得與其他新市鎮比較(例如有同樣問題的東涌),天水圍並不算差,大眾越是關注它,住在裡面的人的「五高二低」標籤效應就越明顯,導致一個身份認同危機-天水圍人要逃避或遮掩自己身份,以免被看低,所謂「關注」,實質是在別人傷口上灑鹽,對改善社區並沒有實質幫助。

藝術家創作,好多時候只追求自我的表達,而不一定要欣賞者清楚明白他內心所想,故意或不經意地,留下空間讓接收者可以任意詮釋。林夕填此詞的目的,是否希望藉此曲引發更多人關注天水圍此社區的問題?也許他只想以創作反映一個居於偏遠社區的新移民需要面對困境的現實,並無意引起任何爭論。但無論原意如何,他已經打開了潘多拉的盒子,結果是好是壞,也不是他可以控制的了。

當大家正在專心咀嚼歌詞的負面描述時,希望也能留意到林夕最後兩句中的積極意義:「圍住了的國度,圍住了的血路,圍住了他都肯照做;牆沒有給拆掉,城沒有給棄掉,牆令到他攀登進步」-把困難當作磨練,在困境中不言放棄,繼續自強不息。


附錄:原曲歌詞 ©環球唱片


《天水‧圍城》   曲:Edmond Tsang  詞:林夕  唱:李克勤

圍住了的血汗 圍住了的跌宕 圍住了當初的厚望
圍住了的駭浪 圍住了的症狀 圍住了才易碰撞
他的一對父母 來又往 跨鄉過岸 才住這麼一角 越來越惡


圍住了冰雹 圍住了刻薄 圍住了爭吵的配樂
圍住了升學 圍住了收穫 圍住了便了解何謂罪惡
自成一國 但見他 找尋快樂
然後卻 越來越渴 越來越覺 沒能力去闖出沙漠


*誰策劃這寸地尺土 人擠逼中便容易退步
 他 親身真正感到 尺地寸金
 人便會無餘地平和獨舞  要見步行步 無車票又怎去覓去路
 赤地太濕 這地球沒芳草  文明繁盛有甚麼好
 (仍然留在故地多好)*


圍住了可向下 圍住了可向上 圍住了都可找對象
圍住了可以做 同伴裡的偶像 圍住了沒電腦可思想

氣候太涼 像殘酷得天生等天養
怨恨 暴燥 壓抑 唯有 記住 人靜便心涼


願國寶 領會到 沒看倌 仍獨舞
唯願他 能跟相戀的共同上路


誰憑權力照料 這寸地尺土 難為他不管平日惡耗
他 親身感覺得到 尺地寸金
人便會無餘地平和獨舞 要見步行步 無車票又怎去覓去路
赤地太濕 這地球沒芳草 全憑勤力上路


圍住了的國度 圍住了的血路 圍住了他都肯照做
牆沒有給拆掉 城沒有給棄掉 牆令到他攀登進步


放生-作孽還是積德?(下)

今年9月有市民向漁農自然護理署報告,發現沙田城門河上有一隻殼上清晰鑿刻著「放生」二字的綠海龜奄奄一息地在漂浮。雖然經過獸醫施救,但由於多個器官嚴重感染,海龜最終要人道毀滅。最致命的傷害,原來就是龜殼上鑿刻「放生」的疤痕,鑿刻位置正正在海龜肺部附近,細菌從殼上裂痕入侵造成感染,嚴重傷害肺部功能。

記得五年前本地海關截獲到近萬隻經香港走私偷運的野生龜隻,轉交了給對拯救野生動物比較有經驗的嘉道理農場處理。據幫忙的義工朋友反映,當時大部份龜隻的健康都很差,長時間缺水兼有病,且飢寒交迫,活的和已死的大小龜隻堆疊在一起,情況可以用”慘不忍睹”來形容。雖然義工們日以繼夜地努力搶救,也只能救回部份。當時嘉道理農場所能做的,是盡快把死了的、仍生存但已很難救活的、跟可以救活的龜隻先分隔開,為活存的龜隻餵水保暖,然後等待運到美國的龜類拯救中心(因為他們才有足夠的技術和資源確保龜隻能康復),護養至龜隻恢復健康後,才運送回到原生地放生。這也是我心目中真正的「放生積德」。

這次拯救龜隻行動中所需的人力物力和專業知識,一般人的確難以獨力辦得到,但是,只要是在拯救過程中有份幫忙的人,不論是親身到嘉道理農場出力幫手搬龜餵龜的義工,還是通過各種渠道奔走發消息呼籲大家援手的朋友,以至提供免費專機運送龜隻的航空公司負責人,都是積了功德。這一群值得敬佩的善心人當中,也包括了幾位我認識的朋友,他們都並非佛教徒,只是本著一顆熱愛生命的心,從另一個角度和途徑實踐「眾生平等」的宏旨。

所以,不需要焚香,不一定要唸經做法事,只要是有一顆愛惜生命的善心,在自已能力範圍內盡力拯救生命,就是一種功德。

Monday, December 04, 2006

跟寂寞交朋友

香港學生到海外留學,已經是平常不過的事。有的因為親人移民外國,因利成便,雖然身在異地,仍然有人貼身照顧,當地華人僑民也多,不愁交不到同聲同氣的朋友;但亦有不少孤身負笈海外的,到一個完全陌生的地方,沒有一個認識的人,因為文化背景的差異,交不到可以溝通的朋友,寂寞與苦悶之情,可以想像。不過既然選擇了這條路,又花了大筆金錢,不適應也得適應,慢慢學習「跟寂寞交朋友」。曾經留學日本、剛出版了他留日生涯回憶錄《度日娛/愚年》的網友Alan(覃國樑),就談論過如何跟寂寞交朋友。

自己也曾是留學生,完全明白留學生孤身一個面對陌生環境的感受,但我的遭遇有些不同。可能是性格關係,我可以很享受一個人獨處的時間。那時候我自己一個人租一間房住,每天晚上都可以自己靜靜地聽一個小時CD才睡,假日遇著好天氣,又獨自騎自行車四處去,可惜那時數碼相機仍未流行,否則我一定更享受這樣的自行車漫行獵影。

畢業後回到香港,私人的空間沒有了,所以我十分珍惜假日可以獨處的時間,一個人去登登山、游游水、逛逛博物館,自得其樂。大家一定以為我是個很孤僻的人,認識我的朋友就知道完全不是這回事。我也很享受與朋友一起的時光,但一個人總不能整天與朋友嘻嘻哈哈地過,當我需要休息,需要處理自己的事情的時候,我就不想分心。事實上我有太多積壓的私事未了:做了多年都仍未完成的網頁、多年以來未寫的遊記、幾個月拍下的數碼相片還未下載到電腦硬盤、要周未前趕起校友會通訊的排版,近月還開始了寫網誌… 太多的要完成,太少的時間了,你說我還有時間寂寞嗎?

所以,其實我沒有跟寂寞交朋友,因為它根本接近不到我。


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Sunday, December 03, 2006

放生-作孽還是積德?(上)

雖然並非佛教徒,但就十分欣賞佛家的平和,亦認同很多佛學的哲理與處世之道。許多宗教都會導人向善,手法亦各不同,感覺上佛家導人向善的方法令人舒服,如在說理,沒有強迫,就算你不信佛,也會同意他們的很多觀點。其中「眾生平等」、「免作殺孽」的教化,跟愛護大自然的觀點就頗有同工異曲之妙。

去年初某天到新娘潭拍攝,在湖邊看見一大群非本地野生品種的同種小鳥在聚集,牠們不太怕人,遊人要走到很近距離牠們才會飛走,但轉眼又回到原地啄食有人刻意留下的雀栗;垃圾箱旁有大堆棄置的鳥籠,有幾隻小鳥還賴在打開了門的籠中不肯走;路旁邊還有燒完了的香。很明顯地,早前有人舉行了放生的法事活動。

那天天氣頗冷,有數十隻被放生的小鳥經已僵直地死在路邊,應該是抵受不了低溫而凍死了,其他的小鳥的命運也不樂觀,習慣了籠中生活的籠鳥,警覺性低,又無求生能力,在野外嚴冬的惡劣環境中,不是很快凍死餓死,就是成為其他動物的點心。

我即時的感覺是:罪過!罪過!

一向都反對這一類形式的放生。從一個環境保護的角度看,在野外放生一些外來的品種,很多時候是直接地破壞了當地的生態,因為外來的品種可能兇猛兼生命力強,往往令原本的野生品種滅絕。在本地溪澗放生的巴西龜,就是典型例子。另一方面,把一個品種帶到牠們無法適應的地方放生,無疑是讓牠們去送死。再者,為了要有動物供人放生,無辜的野生動物往往會被人捕捉,運到市場供放生的的善信購買,在台灣就有佛堂視為生意經營。過程中動物受傷、受驚、甚至死亡。如此一來,放生的善信不但沒有「積功德」,反而是在間接地作孽。 港台兩地向來都有許多佛教徒為稟承「眾生平等,戒殺生」的宏旨,到市場買小動物來放生積福。曾到泰國佛寺參拜的朋友都知道,佛寺周圍有許多專門兜售雀鳥、魚和龜的攤販,專供人放生來積功德。泰國一位在帕南瓊安寺任副主持的高僧比巴德瓦拉博法師就曾在《曼谷郵報》中公開呼籲,購買動物放生的「積功德」行為,其實是作孽,因為此舉吸引許多小販專門兜售「放生動物」,待人放生後馬上捉回再賣,令小動物苦上加苦。

不少人信奉宗教,往往只是注重形式,而忽略了儀式背後的智慧和實質意義,認為做了某種儀式就等於種了善果,才會盲目地「放生積德」。僅有為善之心,但缺乏了判辨是非和追尋真理的智慧,就容易有「好心做壞事」的事情發生。下一次打算參加野外放生活動時,大家請再想一想,這種方式是否真的在行善?

不過話分兩頭,當大家在街上見到有野生動物被人當作野味或寵物出售,如果能買下來,在確保動物健康的狀態下送到回原生地放生,我覺得就是積功德。如果能力做不到,又或者動物是屬瀕危品種,買下來之後交給有關單位(如嘉道理農場,漁護署等),也是比較好的做法之一。

懷緬

有沒有試過,在一處從未到過的地方,忽然有一種很熟悉的感覺?勾起你一些久違了的回憶?

雖然吃不得辣,但一向很喜歡酸辣湯,到上海館吃飯,例必要試一試他們的酸辣湯,一邊流鼻水一邊吃(我一吃辣,就會鼻水流過不停)。可惜很多上海館的酸辣湯,不是太酸就是太辣,要不然就偷工減料,應有的材料沒有放齊。不過酸辣湯除了浙醋和辣椒油外,其實並沒有既定的材料;酸辣的比重,也是看師傅的喜好;而我所喜愛的酸辣湯,甚至可能與「正宗」的相差甚遠。

對酸辣湯的執著,也許與兒時經驗有關。小時候家境不算富裕,除了在重大喜慶日子,例如長輩生日、有親友自遠方來等等,一家人很少外出上酒家館子吃飯。媽媽有時需要星期日上午回公司加班,碰巧爸爸也要加班的話,便會把我帶上,我亦會自己一個乖乖地坐在公司大堂等媽媽下班。其中一次加班時間長了,老闆決定請吃午飯,我適逢其會,亦拉衫尾跟了去白吃。媽媽的老闆是上海人,午飯到了灣仔一間著名的京滬菜館,那是我第一次嘗上海菜。分菜的伙計可能忘了小孩不應吃辣,分了一碗酸辣湯放在我面前。雖然不習慣辣,嘗第一口時簡直要立刻吐出來,但因為味道確實不錯,便忍著辣一口一口地吃,媽媽發覺時,我已經吃了半碗。自此之後,我便知道我原來也「吃得一點點辣」-雖然那碗酸辣湯其實並不算辣,否則我一個從不吃辣的小孩如何吞得下去。

第一次的印象總是最深刻的,尤其是美好的印象,於對酸辣湯的要求,就很自然地以那一次為標準:不要太辣,要有肉絲、竹筍絲、蛋絲、豆腐絲、豬肚絲、鴨/雞紅絲、豬皮、木耳絲、海參絲、香菇絲。灣仔那間京滬菜館,早已結束了,尋尋覓覓,終於在西環一間上海小食店,找到了我記憶中的酸辣湯。因為小食店舖面積不大,蒸包煎鍋貼的爐灶佔了門口大部分位置,舖後面放了冷藏櫃和洗滌水盆,只餘中間空位放了幾張摺檯摺凳,而且經常坐滿了顧客,所以每次光顧,我都只會外賣。今天午飯時經過,忽然心血來潮,走了進去坐下。

原來店舖面積比想像中大,原本屬於廚房的部份,中央也放了張長摺檯。坐了下來,背後就是一排的冷藏櫃,對面是一盤盤搓好了可以隨時入蒸籠的包子,左手邊盡頭便是炮製上海粗炒的爐灶。換了別人,在這樣的環境進食,可能會不習慣,不過我卻反而很安心,因為能這樣的把廚房開放,店主固然是礙於地方不足而又想多做點生意,但同時對自己店舖的食物衛生程度,亦一定很有信心,不怕向顧客公開展示食物是如何炮製的,而且事實上廚房衛生程度亦不錯,地板也沒有濕漉漉油膩膩的感覺。在這樣的環境下,吃著酸辣湯和菜肉餛飩,忽然有一種很熟悉的感覺。

到外國升學之前,一直在家與父母同住,生活上一切都有媽媽照顧周到,也從來沒有工作的經驗。留學時才第一次打工,做兼職賺取生活費,希望減輕家中負擔。因為拿學生簽證不能受聘工作,只有華僑肯偷偷聘用,周未在華人經營的餐館做廚房雜工。對於從來沒有工作經驗、手無縛雞之力、連家務也少碰的的我,廚房雜工絕對是一個重大考驗。由起初的笨手笨腳、被老闆用粗言責罵,到後來變得熟手利落、但應付功課之餘周未仍要拖著疲乏的身軀工作至深夜,都不是甚麼美好的回憶。今天坐在食店廚房中,被喚起的那種熟悉而帶點回味的感覺,竟然是那段辛苦的日子。


那段日子雖然辛苦,但卻是我快速成長的日子,學懂獨立、學懂苦中作樂、學懂自信,最重要的是,學懂做人要有希望,才可以有動力面對眼前的困境。人不單會懷緬美好的往昔,對於那些雖然不太美好、但能令自己感到自豪、自我肯定的經歷,一樣終身難忘。